فهرست و منابع پایان نامه کیهان شناسی و تغییر نشانگان متریک
فهرست:
عنوان ................................................................................................................................................................................ صفحه
مقدمه ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
فصل اول
کیهانشناسی ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
کیهانشناسی پیش نسبیتی ................................................................................................................................................ 6
کیهانشناسی نسبیتی ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
اصل کیهانشناسی ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
اصل وایل ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
متریک رابرستون- واکر .................................................................................................................................................. 13
مدل فرید من .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
مشکل افق ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
مشکل مسطح بودن .................................................................................................................................................... 19
مشکل تک قطبی مغناطیسی .................................................................................................................................. 20
مدل تورمی .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
فصل دوم
بررسی تغییر نشانگان متریک ......................................................................................................................................... 23
شرط معمول بر متریک .................................................................................................................................................... 24
فرضیات مدل پیشنهادی .................................................................................................................................................. 25
ارائه مدل و معادلات دینامیکی .................................................................................................................................... 26
پتانسیل ................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
بحث و تحلیل ...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
نمودارها ................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
فصل سوم
کیهانشناسی کوانتومی ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
تاریخچه مختصری از گرانش کوانتومی ........................................................................................................................ 47
فرمول بندی هامیلتونی در نسبیت عام ....................................................................................................................... 49
انحنای بیرونی .............................................................................................................................................................. 50
تابع لپس و بردار جابجایی ........................................................................................................................................ 51
معادلات گوس- کودازی ............................................................................................................................................ 54
هامیلتونی در نسبیت عام .......................................................................................................................................... 57
کوانتش ................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
شرایط مرزی ....................................................................................................................................................................... 63
فصل چهارم
بررسی گذار نشانگان متریک در کیهانشناسی کوانتومی ......................................................................................... 67
مسیرهای کلاسیکی .......................................................................................................................................................... 69
حل ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
بسته موج همدوس ............................................................................................................................................................ 78
بدست آوردن ضریب Cl .................................................................................................................................................. 80
نمودارها ................................................................................................................................................................................. 83
ضمیمه 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 87
ضمیمه 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 90
منابع ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
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