پایان نامه بررسی ارتباط ارتفاع قوس طولی داخلی پا با آسیب های ورزشی مچ پا و زانو در دونده های حرفه ای مرد

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه بررسی ارتباط ارتفاع قوس طولی داخلی پا با آسیب های ورزشی مچ پا و زانو در دونده های حرفه ای مرد

فهرست:

مقدمه ........................................................................................................................13

بخش اول

آناتومی پا

1-1-استخوان شناسی پا ........................................................................................15

2-1-عضلات پا ...................................................................................................16

بیومکانیک پا

1-2-قوس های کف پایی ....................................................................................20

2-2-قوس طولی داخلی ........................................................................................21

3-2-تعادل در ساختار پا .......................................................................................23

4-2-کینتیک پا ...................................................................................................28

متد های طبقه بندی انواع پا

1-3-معاینه دیداری غیر کمی ................................................................................32

2-3-مقادیر انتروپومتریک .....................................................................................33

3-3-شاخص های فوت پرینت ...............................................................................37

4-3-ارزیابی های رادیوگرافیک ............................................................................41

بخش دوم

فصل اول

بیان مسأله ......................................................................................................45

دلایل انتخاب موضوع .....................................................................................47

فصل دوم

مروری بر مطالعات پیشین .................................................................................50

فصل سوم

اهداف ...........................................................................................................57

فرضیات .........................................................................................................57

فصل چهارم

متغیر های تحقیق .............................................................................................59

تعریف متغیر ها ................................................................................................59

نوع مطالعه ......................................................................................................59

روش جمع آوری اطلاعات ...............................................................................60

جامعه مورد مطالعه ...........................................................................................60

تعداد نمونه .....................................................................................................60

روش نمونه گیری ............................................................................................60

ملاحظات اخلاقی ...........................................................................................60

روش کار .......................................................................................................61

فصل پنجم

یافته های تحقیق ..............................................................................................68

فصل ششم

بحث .............................................................................................................79

نتیجه گیری ....................................................................................................86

محدودیت های طرح و پیشنهادات برای مطالعات آتی ..........................................86

پیوست

پرسشنامه شماره یک .......................................................................................89

پرسشنامه شماره دو ..........................................................................................90

فرم رضایتنامه ..................................................................................................91

جداول ضمیمه .................................................................................................92

تعریف واژه ها ........................................................................................................ 96

منابع مورد استفاده ...................................................................................................98

.

منبع:

Kapandji Ia. The physiology of the joints. 5th ed. Edinburgh. Churchill LivingStone 1987.

[1]Nordin M, Frankle  VH. Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. 3th ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2001.

[1]Huang CK, Kitaoka HB, An KN, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of longitudinal arch stability. Foot Ankle 1993; 14: 353-357

[1] Thordarson DB, Schmotzer H, Chon J, et al. Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch. Clin Orthop 1985; 316: 165-172

[1] Kitaoka HB, Luo Zp, An KN. Effect of posterior tibial tendon on the arch of foot during simulated weight-bearing: Biomechanical analysis. Foot Ankle Int 1997; 18: 43-46

[1]Daly PJ, Kitaoka HB, Chao EYS. Plantar fasciotomy for intractable plantar fascitis: Clinical results and biomechanical evaluation. Foot Ankle Int 1992; 13: 188-195

[1] Manter JT. Movemet of subtalar and transvers tarsal joint. Anat Rec 1941; 80: 397-402

[1]Cavanagh PR, Rodger MM, Iiboshi A. Pressure distribution under symptom-free feet during barefoot standing. Foot Ankle 1987; 7: 262-276

[1] Soames RW. Foot pressure during gait. J Biomech Eng 1985; 7: 120-126

[1] Hreljac A. Impact and overuse injuries in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36(5): 845-849

[1]Razeghi M, Batt ME. Foot type classification: A critical review of current methods. Gait Posture 2002; 15: 282-291

[1]Dahle LK, Muller MJ, Delitto A, Diamond JE. Visual assessment of foot type and relationship of the foot type to lower extremity injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991; 14(2): 70-74

[1] Hawes MR, Nachbauer W, Sovak D, Nigg BM. Footprint parameters as a measure of arch height. Foot Ankle 1992; 13(1): 22-26

[1] Nachbaure W, Nigg BM. Effect of arch height of the foot on the ground reaction forces in running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24(11): 1264-1269

[1] Jonson SR, Gross mt. Intraexaminer reliability , interexaminer reliability and mean values for nine lower extremity skeletal measuresin healthy naval midshipmen. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1997; 25(4): 253-263

[1] McPoil T, Corn wall MW. Relation between three static angles of the rearfoot and the pattern of rearfoot motion during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1996; 23(6): 370-375

[1]Beckett ME, Massie DL, Bowes KD. Incidence of hyperpronatoin in the ACL injured knee. J Athletic Train 1992; 27: 58-62

[1] Chu WC, Lee SH, Chu W, Wang TJ,Lee Mc. The use of arch index to characterize arch height: A digital image processing approach. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1995; 42(11): 1088-1093

[1] Clarke HH. An objective method of measuring the height of the longitudinal arch in the foot examination. Res Q 1933; 4: 99-107

[1]Irwin LW. A study of the tendency of school children to develope flat-footedness. Res Q 1937; 8: 46-53

[1] Saltzman CL, Nawoczenski DA, Talbot KD. Measurement of medial longitudinal arch. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1995; 76(1): 45-9

[1]Hreljac A, Marshall RN, Hume PA. Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32(9): 1635-1641

[1] Williams DS, McClay IS, Scholz JP, Hamill J, Buchanan TS. High-Arched runners exhibit increased leg stiffness compared to low- arched runners. Gait Posture 2004; 19: 263-269

[1]Cote KP, Brunet ME, Gansneder BM, Shultz SJ. Effects of pronated and supinated foot postures on static and dynamic postural stability. J Athl Train 2005; 40(1): 41-46

[1]Ledoux WR, Hillstrom HJ. The distributed plantar vertical force of neutrally aligned and pes planus feet. Gait Posture 2002; 15: 1-9

[1] Burnfield JM, Few CD, Mahamed DS, Perry J. The influence of walking speed and footwear on plantar pressure in older adults. Clin Biomech 2004; 19: 78-84

[1] Bennett JE, Reinking MF, Pluemer B, Pentel A, Seaton M, Killian C. Factors contributing to the development of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in the high school runners. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001; 31(9): 504-510

[1] Burns J, Keenan AM, Redmond  A. Foot type and overuse injury in triathletes. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2005; 95(3): 235-241

[1] Michelson JD, Durant DM, McFarland E. Injury risk associated with pes planus in athletes. Foot Ankle Int 2003; 23(7): 629-933

[1]Kanatli U, Yetkin H, Clia E. Footprint and radiographic analysis of the feet. J Pediatr Orthop 2001; 21(2): 225-228

[1]De Cock A, Declercq D, Willems T, Witvrouw E. Temporal characteristics of foot roll-over during barefoot jogging: Reference data for young adults. Gait Posture 2005; 21: 432-439

[1]Williams DS, McClay IS, Hamill J. Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clin Biomech 2001; 16: 341-347

[1]Gilmour JC, Burns Y. The measurement of the medial longitudinal arch in children. Foot & Ankle Int 2001; 22(6): 493 – 498

[1] Hogan MT, Staheli LT. Arch height and lower limb pain: An adult civilian study. Foot & Ankle Int  2002; 23(1): 43-47

[1] Lun V, Meeuwisse WH, Stergion P, Stefanyshyn D. Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 570-580

[1] Mei-Dan o, Kahn G, Zeev A, Rubin A, Constantini N, Even A, et al. The medial longitudinal arch as a possible risk factor for ankle sprain: A prospective study in 83 female infantry recruits. Foot Ankle Int 2005; 26(2): 180 – 183

[1]Burns J, Crosbie J, Hunt A, Ouvvrier R. The effect of pes cavus on foot pain and plantar pressure. Clin Biomech 2005; 20: 877 – 882

[1] Van Mechelen W. Running injuries. A review of the epidemiological literature. Sports Med 1992; 14(5): 320-335

[1] Macera C, Pate R, Powell K, Jackson KL, Kendrick JS, Craven TE. Predicting lower extremity injuries among habitual runners. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:2565-2568

[1] Taunton JG, Ryan MB, Clement DB, McKenzie DC, Lioyd-Smith DR, Zumb BD. A prospective study of running injuries. The Vancouver Sun Run “In Training” clinics. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37: 239-244

[1] Taunton JG, Ryan MB, Clement DB, McKenzie DC, Lioyd-Smith DR, Zumb BD. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med 2002: 36: 95-101

[1] Marti B, Vader JP, Minder CE, Abelin T. On the epidemiology of running injurie: The 1984 Bern Grand-Prix study. Am J Sports Med 1988; 16(3): 285-294

[1] Brunet ME,Cook SD, Brinker MR, Dickinson JA. A survey of running injuries in 1505 competitive and recreational runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1990; 30(3): 307-315

[1] Walter SD, Hart LE, McIntosh JM, Sutton JR. The Ontario cohort study of running related injuries. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 2561-2564

[1] Clement D, Taunton J, Smart G. A survey of overuse injuries. Diagnostic and management. Phys SportsMed 1981; 9: 47-58

[1] Pinshaw R, Atlas V, Noakes T. The nature and response to therapy of 196 consecutive injuries seen at a runner's clinic. S Afr Med J 1984; 65: 291-298

[1] Morag E, Cavanagh PR. Structural and functional predictors of regional peak pressures under the foot during walking. J Biomech 1999; 32: 359 – 370

[1]Rosenbaum  D, Hautmann S, Gold M, Claes L. Effect of walking Speed on plantar pressure patterns and hindfoot angular motion. Gait posture 1994; 2: 191 – 197

[1]Cavanagh PR, Morag E, Boulton AJM, Young MJ, Deffner KT, Pammer SE. The relation of static foot posture to dynamic foot function. J Biomech 1997; 30(3): 243 – 250

[1] Walker M, Fan HJ. Relatoin between foot pressure pattern and foot type. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19(6): 379-383

[1]Sneyers CJ, lysens R, Feys H, Andries R. Influence of malalignment of feet on the plantar pressure pattern in running. Foot Ankle Int 1995; 16(10): 624-632

[1]Leardini A, Benedetti MG, Catani F, Simoncini L. An anatomically based protocol for the description of foot segment kinetics during gait. Clin Biomech 1999 ; 14: 528 -533

[1] MacWilliams BA, Cowley M, Nicholson DE. Foot kinematics and kinetics during adolescent gait. Gait Posture 2003 ; 17: 214-224

[1]  Nachbauer  W, Nigg BM. Effect of arch height of the foot on ground reaction forces in running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992 ; 24(11): 1264 – 1269

[1] Cashmer T, Smith R, Hunt A. Medial longitudinal arch of the foot: Statoinary versus walking measures. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20(2): 112-118

[1] Hunt AE, Fahey AJ, Smith Rm. Static measures of calcaneal deviation and arch angle as predictors of rearfoot motion during walking. Aust J Physiother 2000; 46: 9.