پایان نامه تغذیه دانه های روغنی ( خام و حرارت دیده ) کانولا و آفتابگردان و اثرات آن ها بر پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر و عملکرد شیردهی در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه تغذیه دانه های روغنی ( خام و حرارت دیده ) کانولا و آفتابگردان و اثرات آن ها بر پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر و عملکرد شیردهی در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین

فهرست:

مقدمه                                                                                                                                1

فصل اول) بررسی منابع                                                                                                     4

1-1- شیر و اسیدهای چرب آن                                                                                                                 4

1-2- تغییر اسید چرب شیر                                                                                                                        6

1-3- استفاده از چربی های گیاهی                                                                                                            6

1-4- عمل آوری دانه های روغنی                                                                                                          12

1-5- سطوح استفاده از کانولا و آفتابگردان                                                                                             14

1-6- مدت زمان استفاده از دانه های روغنی                                                                                            15

1-7- چربی در تغذیه گاو شیری                                                                                                             16

1-8- اثرات شکمبه ای چربی                                                                                                                  18

1-9- مروری بر سنتز اسیدهای چرب شیر                                                                                                24

1-10- مروری بر سابقه تحقیقات                                                                                                            25

فصل دوم) روش تحقیق                                                                                                  36

2-1- حیونات و محل اجرای پژوهش                                                                                                      36

2-2- تیمارها و جیره های غذایی                                                                                                             37

2-3- ترکیب شیمیایی خوراک ها                                                                                                           41

2-4- تولید شیر و ترکیبات آن                                                                                                                42

2-5- وزن بدن و BCS                                                                                                                           42

2-6- مدل آماری                                                                                                                                   42

فصل سوم) نتایج                                                                                                              45

3-1- ترکیب شیمیایی جیره های آزمایشی                                                                                               45

3-2- مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن و BCS                                                                                              53

3-3- تولید و ترکیبات شیر                                                                                                                     62

3-4- پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر                                                                                                            69

فصل چهارم) بحث                                                                                                          87

4-1- ترکیب شیمیایی جیره های آزمایشی                                                                                               87

4-2- مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن و BCS                                                                                                93

4-3- تولید و ترکیبات شیر                                                                                                                   104

4-4- پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر                                                                                                          118

فصل پنجم) نتیجه گیری                                                                                                132

فصل ششم) پیشنهاد                                                                                                         133

پیوست ها                                                                                                                       134

نمودارها                                                                                                                         134

جداول تجزیه واریانس رگرسیون ، معادلات و نمودار روابط                                            184

جداول تجزیه واریانس کوواریت                                                                                    201

فهرست منابع فارسی                                                                                                        213

فهرست منابع انگلیسی                                                                                                      213

چکیده انگلیسی                                                                                                               221

منبع:

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